Effect of leadership development program on organizational performance Dissertation

Effect of leadership development program on organizational performance - Dissertation Example statistical null hypotheses 15 Testing the null hypothesis 15 P-values 16 Significance levels 17 One-tailed vs. two-tailed probabilities 17 Reporting your results 18 Confidence interval 20 p=0.891 represents the probability of occurring the event. ... nsistency refers to inter-item reliability, and assesses the degree of consistency among the items in a scale, or the different observations used to derive a score Want to be sure that all the items (or observations) are measuring the same construct Estimates of Internal Consistency Item-total score consistency Split-half reliability: randomly divide items into 2 subsets and examine the consistency in total scores across the 2 subsets (any drawbacks?) Cronbach’s Alpha: conceptually, it is the average consistency across all possible split-half reliabilities Cronbach’s Alpha can be directly computed from data Estimating the Validity of a Measure A good measure must not only be reliable, but also valid A valid measure measures what it is intended to measure Validity is not a property of a measure, but an indication of the extent to which an assessment measures a particular construct in a particular context—thus a measure may be valid for one purpose but not another A measure cannot be valid unless it is reliable, but a reliable measure may not be valid Estimating Validity Like reliability, validity is not absolute Validity is the degree to which variability (individual differences) in participant’s scores on a particular measure, reflect individual differences in the characteristic or construct we want to measure Three types of measurement validity: Face Validity Construct Validity Criterion Validity Face Validity Face validity refers to the extent to which a measure ‘appears’ to measure what it is supposed to measure Not statistical—involves the judgment of the researcher (and the participants) A measure has face validity—’if people think it does’ Just because a measure has face validity does not ensure that it is a valid measure (and measures lacking

Key Stage 2 Curriculum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Key Stage 2 Curriculum - Essay Example As opposed to the previous prescriptive, generalized teaching scheme, the Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum revisions aim to foster innovation and creativity in pedagogy to stimulate the minds of the children and appeal to them such that they will be inspired to study and think more (Plant, Addysg, and Sgilian, 2010). Reforms in education provision have occurred in the past but the Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum revisions are significant because of the degree of involvement of teachers and school authorities and the degree of flexibility in teaching afforded to them. The program calls for a more proactive and collaborative approach to learning where the experience is no longer confined to the classroom and classmates but encompasses the whole school system (Plant, Addysg, and Sgilian, 2010 and HMIE, 2010). There have been several efforts to reform the educational system only to be frustrated later. In this paper, the benefits and challenges of the Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum revisions are discussed and analyzed with evidence from literature. The discussion will include what Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum requires of teachers and how these can translate to a better learning experience and outcomes for the student. Challenges regarding application and appropriateness will also be analyzed to provide a balance and more complete picture of what the Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum revisions has to offer (Plant, Addysg, and Sgilian, 2010). Promotion of Competence thru Individualized Learning Nurturing and individualized teacher-child relationships provide important contexts for the promotion of children's emotional health (Bagdi & Vacca, 2005). In the revised Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum, teachers have opportunities to coach children regarding appropriate responses during peer interactions and classroom activities, and serve as role models of appropriate formation of knowledge and expression of emotions (Hyson, 2004). When teachers organize child-centred classroom environments, they are preparing a climate that is positive and conducive to learning. Finally, as educators create learning communities in which children are valued, children experience psychological safety and security (Keogh, 2003). The Key Stage 2 integrated curriculum offers several benefits as it provides flexibility to teachers in their teaching methods. Previously, teachers have been confined in using scripted teaching programs. As the name implies, there is a script and the teacher follows that script. These scripts determine instruction, not the classroom teacher. The programs even determine the pace of the lessons. Variations in students' learning cannot be factored into the script because that creates a variable that the script cannot predict, so it is left out of the process. The teacher's role is to execute the commercial, scripted program without making adjustments. In other words, teachers are forced to teach word for word the sentences that are printed in the guidebook. The text in these booklets will literally say, "teacher will say" and "student will say." This does not seem the kind of program that could foster and support critical thinking skills in the classroom. If teachers are not providing

Causes of the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Causes of the Civil War Essay There were several reasons the Civil War began. The north and the south had completely different views on some very important subjects.The north believed that slavery was not needed, but the south had needed slavery in order to harvest the crops. Also, new territories were being settled. Lastly, Abraham Lincoln was elected president. The areas of the United States had different economies. In the North, the economy was based on factories and wages. Everyday people worked in the factories. The South had large plantations, which grew cotton. The plantation owners needed the slaves to pick the cotton. They didn’t receive wages, but they were provided food and shelter. In the Midwest, wheat was the number one cash crop. It was harvested by a machine, so they didn’t need as many workers or slaves. These different economies caused divisions in the United States. Also, new territories were being settled. The South wanted the new territories to be admitted to the Union as slave states. This was to prevent the slaves from escaping into free territories. The North wanted the new territories to be free. Some people thought the new territories should have the right to vote whether they wanted to be free or slave. This is called State’s Rights. An agreement was reached called the Compromise of 1850, which lasted for three years. In this compromise, fugitive slaves were ordered to return to their owners. The abolitionists thought that they shouldn’t have to follow that law. Next, Abraham Lincoln said that slavery should be abolished. He was elected president and South Carolina immediately seceded from the Union. Then, six more states joined South Carolina and formed the Confederate States of America (CSA). The South felt that Lincoln would abolish slavery and take away their economy or their way of life. They also felt that each state had the right to vote on any law. More people died in the Civil War than any other war. The reasons for the Civil War were different economies, state’s rights to vote on laws, and the election of Abraham Lincoln as president.

The Changing World Of Women :: essays research papers fc

The Changing World of Women As a daughter living in a strict environment and living in a traditional ways, things get a little rough. My father is center of the household, so basically everything he says goes. In the western world it’s usually the other way around, it’s usually both the parents that have a say in things. In my society(Muslim society) my mother has a say in nothing unless my father asks. My mother is an excellent mother but she mustn’t say anything or it would be considered not being a good wife. As I get older I am always dreading the day I am asked to be married. I know times have changed but I have a major dilemma. Am I going to marry or continue my education? The problem is I like working with medicine and I want to further my education by going to college. But that requires a minimum of six years university attendance and if I want more degrees that another five years. Most of my medical friends that are females married and had children while they were studying in college. I don’t want that to be me. I want to actually finish something I start. My father isn’t exactly helping me with the situation. He hates the fact that I want to work. In his case, women are not supposed to work unnecessarily if their husbands can provide for them(or their fathers can provide for them if their not married), but in a place like Saudi Arabia where men and women don’t mix at work, working just enhances the mind and makes one wiser to the ways of the world. In my mothers opinion, women become better companions to their husbands who should be more understanding and supportive. I feel that instead of being selfish, we can work out ways that help us be good mothers, wives and also continue with our needs of life. If education is one such need, then there are ways to acquire it without causing disturbance. I think my father needs to catch up with the rest of the Muslim world instead of staying in the traditional ways. He s aid when I finish or if I finish my medical school he would refuse permission to let me work in a hospital.

Philosophy †Free Will vs Determinism Essay

The dialogue between philosophers over the existence of free will versus the inevitability of determinism is a debate that will always exist. The discussion centers around the true freedom of humans to think and act according to their own judgment versus the concept that humans are intrinsically bound by the physical laws of the universe. Before I enter this chicken and the egg debate I need to quantify my terms: Free will is defined by the great philosopher, St. Thomas Aquinas as â€Å"vis electiva† or free choice. It is the ability of man to contemplate and judge the effects of the actions he is about to take. †¦But man acts from judgment, because by his apprehensive power he judges that something should be avoided or sought. But because this judgment, in the case of some particular act, is not from a natural instinct but from some act of comparison in the reason, therefore he acts from free judgment and retains the power of being inclined to various things. † (Aquinas. Suma Theologica) Determinism is a complex notion but is best described by David Hume as the notion that something cannot come from nothing and that all actions have causes preceding them. I conceive that nothing taketh beginning from itself, but from the action of some other immediate agent without itself. And that therefore, when first a man hath an appetite or will to something, to which immediately before he had no appetite nor will, the cause of his will, is not the will itself, but something else not in his own disposing. So that whereas it is out of controversy, that of voluntary actions the will is the necessary cause, and by this which is said, the will is also caused by other things whereof it disposeth not, it followeth, that voluntary actions have all of them necessary causes, and therefore are necessitated. (Hume. Liberty and Nessessity. ) Philosophy and world religion alike were born of the same origins. Each of the two ancient disciplines arose from the quest for the answers to life’s ominous questions. These human questions, archetypical to people of all geographic locations; where did we come from; why are we here; where do we go when we die; unite us as a race. It is no coincidence that each religion and theology from all four corners of the earth tackles these black holes of human logic. Each religion carves their own individual explanations of these unanswerable questions into their core belief systems, each one centrally different than others. However, they all share one common thought; each shares a belief in an afterlife determined by the choices made in life. Free will is the common denominator in all world religions, because all share the essential concept of morality. The widespread acceptance of the concept of morality implies that there is a choice to be had at each and every juncture or life. The choice comes from recognition of good and evil. For good and evil to exist, then there has to be the ability to decipher between the two and also decide to accept one over the other. The existence of morality alone proves that free will exists, because without the freedom to choose right or wrong in any given situation there would be no qualitative measure of the â€Å"rightness† or â€Å"wrongness† of ones actions. David Hume comments on the origin of morality and its place in our everyday decision making processes, â€Å"Only when you turn your reflexion into your own breast, and find a sentiment of disapprobation† (Hume.  Treatise of Human Nature). In other words, there are no outside stimuli that can decipher good from evil; the line can only be drawn by internal thought. Hume was a naturalist in that his vision of the world and therefore stance of philosophy was based directly through the experiences of the senses. His stance on many issues directly originated from his ability to experience it with the five senses, and on the subject of morality he takes exception. Even he recognizes the existence of morality in everyday life, even though it cannot be explained through the lens of the senses. It would seem that morality’s acceptance must therefore prove that free will exists, but there is one essential school of thought yet to weigh on this topic; science. Science was the latest bloomer of the three major disciplines of existential explanation and in the post modern era is becoming more and more popular. As the world becomes further secularized and the reaches of scientific logic continue to exceed their grasp, many of the world’s intellectuals identify â€Å"truth† on a scientific scale. Science does not support the theory of morality, because it can’t be proven to exist. The notion of â€Å"free-will†, something which world religion and philosophies alike recognize as a fundamental part of our human anatomy, is called into question in a few simple and logical ways. Science supports the theory of determinism as the only logical explanation of the unfolding of the actions of our lives. First off, science has recently developed the discipline known to us as physics, in which the laws of the universe have been defined. In the short time in which humans have been graced by the scientific understanding of the laws of the universe, human kind has yet to fully step back and contemplate the magnitude of this discovery. In generations past, humans believed that we were made special with â€Å"free will†, but now we know that like all things in the universe we are subject to the physical laws. This is a huge step forward in rational thinking because it allows us to understand that our previously God given concept of â€Å"free will† was really a result of a lack of understanding of the deterministic laws of the universe. For instance a law as simple and commonly accepted as â€Å"gravity† challenges the idea of free will. Gravitational pull determines that no matter the size of an object, once separate from the surface of the earth will be dragged back down at the same force every time. This is a simple concept that we take for granted, but it works in the free will v. determinism argument. We are ruled by gravity, and therefore all of our lives activities answer to it. We can’t choose to jump off a building and float in the air because we’ll be pulled back to the ground to our imminent deaths. We can’t choose to stay younger and keep our skin tight to our faces because gravity’s long-term effect causes our skin to droop down towards the ground. The choices I just listed may seem farfetched to some, however, if we examine the notion that we have â€Å"free will† in the empirical sense of the word we see that not all of our decisions are controlled by us, and that we fall victim to the tyrannical rule of the physical laws of the universe. We aren’t truly â€Å"free† to create our own actions in life. Albert Einstein offers a particularly apt synopsis, â€Å"Everything is determined, the beginning as well as the end, by forces over which we have no control. It is determined for the insect as well as the star. Human beings, vegetables, or cosmic dust, we all dance to a mysterious tune, intoned in the distance by an invisible piper. † (Albert Einstein) The rule of physical law aside, which hinders us from truly being â€Å"free† to choose our own actions in life, is a much more simple scientific argument that dispels the notion of free will. For example: Say a 20 year old man murders another man in cold blood. They have no affiliation, no prior knowledge of who each other is, or reason to dislike each other. Man A walks up to random Man B and shoots and kills him. Was this action of Man A a result of â€Å"free will†? To examine the notion fully you need to look at his action coming from two sources. Either Man A was born with the moral flaw to allow himself to find killing another human acceptable, or that Man A was influenced during the course of his life by interactions and actions of others and came to that conclusion based on his own experience. There is no other explanation for Man A to willingly choose to open fire on Man B and kill him. If we look at the first option, Man A’s natural moral compass was skewed, allowing for him to conceive the notion that killing another is okay. This speaks to the determinant nature of our chemical makeup. Its possible his DNA made a mistake coding somewhere and he developed overtime and understood that killing another is â€Å"wrong† or maybe that his entire sense of â€Å"right from wrong† was skewed inside his mind. This would lead Man A to lead a life normally on the outside, and yet without regard for consequence, open fire on another man and kill him as easily as he could have held a door for him. This is the idea that he naturally had the capacity to kill, and that he could not control it. Eventually one of his animalistic impulses would finally stick and he’d be in the right place at the right time, and that it was only a matter of time until he killed someone. If you don’t subscribe to that theory and believe that he chose to kill Man B that day, try and consider that the results will still be pre-determined. If Man A killed Man B due to his choice, then his own â€Å"free will† and judgment that he finds reprehensible to kill another man can’t be attributed to truly â€Å"free† will of choice. Not every human kills others as part of their natural lifestyle, as they might kiss or mate with another. In fact a very small percentage of people in the world murder other humans, and this begs the question of why? What makes this small percentage of people â€Å"choose† to kill another person? The answer is that if they choose to do it, and they weren’t previously miswired so as said in the prior paragraph, then they must have been influenced by their surroundings. When Man A was six years old he didn’t choose to murder Man B, the events of his life led him to make this decision about whether or not murder was okay. This is yet another reason that he wasn’t truly free to choose; outside influence hinders the ability to choose freely. Whether he was abused, molested, lost a loved one, or just plain fed up with the monotony of everyday life in society, something pushed him over the edge. Something allowed for him to justify his actions; that something is outside influence. This deterministic train of thought explains why people do what they do, but not when. What makes us actually hit the point of no return, or when will the right opportunity hit the right mood leading the right action? (In our example the murder of Man B) The paradox between â€Å"free will† and â€Å"determinism† exists because of the influence of the different schools of thought. If one aligns his personal truth based on religious fervor, then an understanding of â€Å"free will† can exist logically and on the other hand if one bases his logic around science then â€Å"determinism† seems to be the only answer. So where does that leave philosophy, the great bridge between the two polarized schools of thought? It leaves philosophy somewhere in the middle, examining the validity of both sides of the argument, and helping to shed light on the debate over whether or not we truly are free to make a choice or if we are merely floating along the currents of the universe. Personally, I’m lost somewhere in the middle, hoping that the answer to this time-old question will be revealed.

Good Parenting Style in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird

What defines a good parent? Who defines a good parenting style? Society, through parenting books and magazines, has discussed this at length, and there are obviously varied opinions. There are certain attributes that are generally used consistently to define a good parenting style. It is not discipline or respect, but the characteristics that stand out for a good parent are trust, love, listening and understanding. Love gives confidence and makes people what they want to be. In Harper Lee’s book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird†, these key attributes are used to define the parenting style of Atticus, the father of the 2 children, Jem and Scout. I believe that the author has defined a good parent as someone who loves his/her children unconditionally, communicates openly with them, someone who is there for them, some one who teaches good morals and values, and someone who shows them right from wrong. Harper Lee has intelligently demonstrated these characteristics by cont rasting the parenting styles of Atticus (the good parent) vs. Bob Ewell, who plays the role of the antagonist in the book, and is portrayed as a bad parent. Both of these men are single parents, and the book therefore does not have much opportunity to view the role of the mother in the upbringing of the children. To illustrate this, the author has cleverly used the examples of 2 women, Calpurnia and Aunt Alexandra, to share her thoughts on the importance of a woman’s role in a child’s life. Though these womenShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Parenting In To Kill A Mockingbird746 Words   |  3 PagesParenting, lauded as one of the most difficult jobs in the world, means constantly being under the scrutiny of others, including your children’s friends. This is no different for the parenting styles of Atticus Finch, Bob Ewell, and Walter Cunningham, three parents from Harper Lee’s critically acclaimed novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Three different parentings style s led to three different types of children: the curious minded, the rascals, and the respectable, showing that how a parent treats theirRead MoreEssay about Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird991 Words   |  4 Pagesbe a lady, don’t you?’ I said not particularly† (Lee). Jean Louise Finch is a tomboy growing up in a world where a girl is expected to become a lady. Submissive housewives and proper ladies were the expectations set for women in the time To Kill A Mockingbird took place. Scout Finch lived in a household that had a strong male influence; aside from Calpurnia, she had no real present example of what she was supposed to become. Because of this, Scout refused to conform to the ways of the rest of theRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird: Analysis of Atticus Essay863 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout Harper Lee’s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, it seems as if Atticus Finch is a failure as both a parent and a lawyer. However, somebody with a good understanding of the novel will realise that Atticus is in fact a terrific lawyer and a superb father. However, like all people, Atticus has his flaws. Throughout Scout and Jem’s childhoods, their father Atticus was always there for them. Atticus always made sure he made time to talk to his children and teach them valuable life skills. AtticusRead MoreIs Atticus A Hero Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesAtticus Finch is a hero in Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird. The novel covers a span of three years, during which the main characters endure substantial changes. Atticus lives with his son Jem and his daughter Scout in the the small town of Maycomb, Alabama. Atticus raises his children by himself, with the help of some kind neighbors and a housekeeper named Calpurnia. Scout and Jem understand the complexities and differences amongst their neighborhood and town. Unlike most of the citizens in MaycombRead MoreEssay On The Truth In To Kill A Mockingbird1128 Words   |  5 Pagesor teach your children, is that life is not castles in the skies, happily ever after. The biggest lesson we have to give our children is truth† (Safire 99). In Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch, a lawyer, emphasizes teaching his children the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. To Kill a Mockingbird exposes the reader to several situations in Maycomb County, Alabama, in the 1930s, and reveals Atticus’s beliefs concerning those situations. Atticus’s beliefs canRead MoreAnalysis Of Atticus Finch s Kill A Mockingbird 1516 Words   |  7 Pageswhile the rest of the world was against him. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Atticus Finch dealt with this unbearable task. He was appointed to represent a black man in the 1930’s who had been falsely accused of raping a white woman by the name of Mayella in the town of Maycomb. Atticus, without hesitation, stepped up to the challenge with open arms when all the odds were against him. He chose to look past the color and into the good nature of this man. Atticus Finch had a significant influenceRead MoreReading Not es On Kill A Mockingbird3311 Words   |  14 PagesMarcus Djuhadi Mrs. Dunn P.D. American Literature, Period 6 To Kill A Mockingbird - Reading Notes Summary // Style Language // Response // Other PART ONE Chapters 1-3 Main character introduced: Jean Louise Finch (â€Å"Scout†) Her older brother: Jeremy Finch (â€Å"Jem†) Father: Atticus Finch, works as a lawyer Mother died when Scout was 2, Jem remember her but Scout does not Jean Louise explains her ancestral roots; her family seems financially secure Maycomb, Alabama is the exposition - fictional, but

Role Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament - 1642 Words

Most people will never understand the many complexities of the world. The same can be said about the human body and the different structures that work together to produce movement. Some people who desire to be in highly competitive sporting environments, will attest to the excruciatingly painful, life-altering moment when they were engaged in play and heard the quintessential â€Å"pop† sound from their knee and they are immediately falling to the floor unable to move that knee. This is usually followed by a diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament tear and within a few weeks, surgical methods must be taken if the athlete wishes to return to their sport at the same high level. This paper will seek to properly define what the role of the anterior cruciate ligament (more commonly called the ACL) is, shed light on the procedures necessary for an athlete to return to play, and analyze data found through research to determine the likelihood of re-injury and, therefore, the effect iveness of ACL surgery. The anterior cruciate ligament â€Å"is a ligament that connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (lower leg bone) and is one of four major ligaments in the knee† (Putukian 1). It is responsible for stabilizing the knee, especially in sports/activities that require cutting, pivoting, turning maneuvers, landing, sudden deceleration, and planting. It is this ligament that is responsible for also preventing tibial translation onto the femur. Injury to the ACL usually happens whenShow MoreRelatedBiomechanics Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ The Anterior Cruciate Ligament’s role in movement Michael Corrada Texas Tech University Quiz 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 ABSTRACT The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most injured parts of the knee for young and old alike. With the advancements in medical technology we are able to provide reconstruction and physical therapy to those with this type of injury. Most anterior cruciate ligament tears come from cutting or sharp pivoting or when the lower leg is planted and the upper leg twistsRead MoreThe Injuries Of The Knee Joint1325 Words   |  6 Pagestransverse plane. Internal rotation and external rotation of the knee move about the proximal/distal axis. Flexion and extension of the knee move about the medial/lateral axis. The valgus and varus movements that occur at the knee joint move about the anterior/posterior axis. The interlocking of the femoral condyles with the tibial plateau restricts rotation in the knee when the joint is in a fully extended position with the amount of rotation increasing as the knee joint flexes. The knee provides mobilityRead MoreDon t Tear It?1652 Words   |  7 Pagesfemales in the last decade and is a great recreational sport to be apart of. In Montana, girls that play soccer are prepared for all weather mentally but not necessarily physically. Many girls every year are sat on the bench from injuries. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are the most common injury a young girl can get. Soccer is a game played on a turf or grass field. The ground could change within minutes if it started raining or snowing. This causes it to become slippery making it more ofRead MoreThe Knee Joint And The Rehabilitation Process1577 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will focus on the role of the ACL, how it is injured, and the rehabilitation process. While each component of the lower extremity has its own role, the knee is the most complex. The knee joint performs various functions and carries most of the weight of the upper body. There are four ligaments in the knee joint: the anterior cr uciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and the lateral collateral ligament. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is often injured whenRead MoreSymptoms And Severity Of A Knee Ligament1088 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the symptoms and severity of a knee ligament sprain relies on upon the level of stretching or tearing of the ligament. In his study he has included 3 grades of knee ligament sprain. 1) In a mild grade 1: knee ligament sprain, the ligaments may extend but they don’t actually tear. The joint cannot swell or hurt very much. It can increase the risk of injury again. 2) With a moderate evaluation II sprain: Bruising and swelling are most common sign. Ligaments get partially torn and more painful. 3)Read MoreWhat Is Anterior Cruciate Ligament?1726 Words   |  7 PagesOne can say that an Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tear, is an athlete’s worst nightmare. The ACL is one of four major ligaments that stabilizes and supports the knee. Its main function is to prevent anterior movement of the tibia off of the femur along with hyperextension. The ACL injury occurs from overstretching the ligament often caused by a sudden change in direction, awkward landing from a jump, sudden deceleration, or even a direct collision (3). More importantly, three out of four ACLRead MoreSports and Injuries: Anterior Cruciate Ligament558 Words   |  2 Pages Anterior Cruciate Ligament The sport I have chosen is soccer, soccer is the most popular sport in the world as every country in the world plays soccer. Soccer has many injuries as the high tempo of the game kills the athletes bones, but one of the most common injuries in soccer is the anterior cruciate ligament. Anterior Cruciate ligament also know as ACL is a heartbreaking knee injury to the athlete which puts them out for years. This injury occurs when the athlete has done overtraining and hasRead MoreClinical Conditions And Their Underlying Pain Mechanisms1705 Words   |  7 Pagespain reported usually relates well to the extent of the peripheral tissue damage or pathology which is the anterior cruciate ligament sprain. Anterior cruciate ligament sprain often involved peripheral tissue damage or pathology. It is usually due to sudden twisting or hyperextension resulting in knee bending back too far which consequently lead to the damage of the anterior cruciate ligament (Vorvick Ma 2011). The knee sprained can be classified into three grades, depending on the amount of damageRead MoreThe Ligament Of The Anterior Cruciate Ligament1697 Words   |  7 PagesThe Anterior Cruciate Ligament, also known as the ACL, plays an important role in the stabilization of the knee. The ACL connects the femur to the tibia. The ACL passes, in a diagonal, from the outer area of the femur to the inner area of the tibia. The main function of the ACL is to restrain forward movement and the inner rotation of the bottom half of the leg, as well as prevent hyperextension of the knee (Schwager, 2009). Three bones meet to form the knee joint. These include the thighboneRead MoreKnee Injuries : A Knee Injury885 Words   |  4 Pagesdislocations. These various injuries can include notorious tears known as: †¢ Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tears †¢ Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) tears †¢ Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tears †¢ Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) tears Each type of tear can be clearly visible through the use of an MRI scan. ACL Tears ACL tears are the most common type of knee injuries seen in athletes. The ACL is viewed as the most important ligament in the entire knee. To elaborate, it helps provide stability throughout